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UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

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FORM 11-K

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þ ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 15( d ) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
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◻ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 15( d ) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

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For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023

Commission File Number 1-11588

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Saga Communications, Inc. Employees’ 401(k) Savings and Investment Plan
(Full title of plan)

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SAGA COMMUNICATIONS, INC.

(Name of issuer of the securities held pursuant to plan)

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73 Kercheval Avenue

Grosse Pointe Farms, Michigan 48236

(Full address of its principal executive office)

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REQUIRED INFORMATION

THE SAGA COMMUNICATIONS, INC. EMPLOYEES’ 401(K) SAVINGS AND INVESTMENT PLAN IS SUBJECT TO THE EMPLOYEE RETIREMENT INCOME SECURITY ACT OF 1974 (ERISA). IN LIEU OF THE REQUIREMENTS OF ITEMS 1, 2 AND 3 OF FORM 11-K FOR ANNUAL REPORTS, THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SCHEDULES OF THE PLAN FOR THE TWO YEARS ENDED December 31, 2023 and 2022, WHICH HAVE BEEN PREPARED IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE FINANCIAL REPORTING REQUIREMENTS OF ERISA, ARE INCLUDED IN THIS REPORT.

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Saga Communications, Inc.

Employees’ 401(k) Savings and Investment Plan

Table of Contents

Financial Statements and Supplemental Schedule

Years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022

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Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

To the Plan Administrator and Plan Participants of

Saga Communications, Inc.

Employees’ 401(k) Savings and Investment Plan

Opinion on the Financial Statements

We have audited the accompanying statements of net assets available for benefits of the Saga Communications, Inc. Employees’ 401(k) Savings and Investment Plan (the “Plan”) as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, and the related statements of changes in net assets available for benefits for the years then ended, and the related notes and supplemental schedule (collectively referred to as “the financial statements”). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the net assets available for benefits of the Plan as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, and the changes in net assets available for benefits for the years then ended, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

Basis for Opinion

These financial statements are the responsibility of the Plan’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Plan’s financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) and are required to be independent with respect to the Plan in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Plan is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audits, we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Plan’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion.

Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

Supplemental Information

The accompanying supplemental schedule of assets (held at end of year) as of December 31, 2023 has been subjected to audit procedures performed in conjunction with the audit of the Plan's financial statements. The supplemental information is the responsibility of the Plan's management. Our audit procedures included determining whether the supplemental information reconciles to the financial statements or the underlying accounting and other records, as applicable, and performing procedures to test the completeness and accuracy of the information presented in the supplemental information. In forming our opinion on the supplemental information, we evaluated whether the supplemental information, including its form and content, is presented in conformity with the Department of Labor's Rules and Regulations for Reporting and Disclosure under the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974. In our opinion, the supplemental information is fairly stated, in all material respects, in relation to the financial statements as a whole.

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Saga Communications, Inc.

Employees’ 401(k) Savings and Investment Plan

Statements of Net Assets Available for Benefits

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See accompanying notes. 

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Saga Communications, Inc.

Employees’ 401(k) Savings and Investment Plan

Statements of Changes in Net Assets Available for Benefits

See accompanying notes.

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Saga Communications, Inc.

Employees’ 401(k) Savings and Investment Plan

Notes to Financial Statements

Years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022

1. Description of Plan

The following description of Saga Communications, Inc. Employees’ 401(k) Savings and Investment Plan (the “Plan”) provides only general information. Saga Communications, Inc. (the “Company”) is the plan sponsor. Participants should refer to the summary plan description for more complete information.

General

The Plan is a defined contribution plan which includes, as participants, all eligible employees who have completed 90 days of employment and reached the age of twenty-one.  Beginning in September 2022, all newly hired eligible employees are automatically enrolled to defer 3% of their pay unless they choose a different amount.  The Plan is administered by the Company and is subject to the provisions of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended (“ERISA”).  

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Prudential Financial, Inc. (“Prudential”), the former trustee and recordkeeper for the Plan, was acquired by Empower on April 4, 2022.  There were no significant changes to the plan as a result of this acquisition.  Prudential/Empower was the Plan’s trustee and recordkeeper for the period January 1, 2022 to August 31, 2022.  Principal Financial Group (“Principal”) is the Plan’s trustee and recordkeeper as of September 1, 2022.  The plan administrator has overall responsibility for the operation and administration of the Plan.  

The Plan was amended effective June 24, 2021 to update the default investment selection to the Prudential GoalMaker asset allocation program which bases participants’ default allocation on age.  This default investment was made in accordance with specific results under which the fiduciaries of the Plan, including the Company, the trustee and the plan administrator, will be relieved of any legal liability for any losses resulting from the default investments.  This amendment did not have an impact on the Plan’s financial statements. In September 2022, the default investment selection was changed to RetireView by Principal.  The plan sponsor, with information and recommendations from its financial professional, selects the investment options that will be used to populate the RetireView models.  These models are reviewed annually and adjustments are made if necessary.

The Setting Every Community Up for Retirement Enhancement Act 2.0 of 2022 (the SECURE Act 2.0) was signed into law December 29, 2022. This law, among other things, includes several required and optional provisions that will impact employee benefit plans that go into effect at various times through 2027. The provisions that were required to be implemented on or after December 29, 2022 are: 1) the change of the RMD age from 72 to 73, 2) a reduction in the excise tax due for failure to take a RMD, 3) the ability for fiduciaries to not have to recoup inadvertent overpayments to plan participants (though the Plan must still be made whole), and 4) limits the time to recontribute amounts taken for qualified birth or adoption distributions from an unlimited time period to 3 years. The optional provisions that could be implemented on or after December 29, 2022 are: 1) the ability to give de minimimis incentives to boost employee participation in an employee benefit plan, 2) to allow employer match or non-elective contributions to be to made on a Roth basis, 3) to allow an employer to elect if hardship withdrawals can be self-certified by participants, and 4) to allow for distributions related to disasters and terminal illness. 

The Plan has elected to adopt the following provisions of the Secure Act 2.0.  The Plan will be amended for any provisions elected in accordance with applicable law and IRS guidance.

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Saga Communications, Inc.

Employees’ 401(k) Savings and Investment Plan

Notes to Financial Statements (continued)

Restatement

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Effective January 1, 2022, the Plan was amended and restated to the IRS approved third submission restatement.  On September 1, 2022, a new trustee and record keeper were appointed and the Plan was transitioned to an amended and restated IRS approved document.  Plan assets were transferred to the new trustee into funds comparable to those offered by the previous trustee.  The conversion initiated a blackout period beginning August 29, 2022 through September 18, 2022.  During the blackout period, funds could not be applied to the employee-selected funds with the trustee or withdrawn from the Plan until the trustee could accurately complete the conversion.  During this period, employee contributions continued to be made through payroll deductions, and the contributions were deposited and held in the Plan’s designated conversion account until completion of the blackout period.  At the end of the blackout period, such funds were transferred to the investment options requested by each participant.  No significant changes were made as a result of the restatement and transition.

Contributions

Contributions to participants’ accounts are effected through voluntary payroll deductions. Participants may contribute 1% - 50% of their compensation. Annual contributions for each participant are subject to the participation and discrimination standards of Internal Revenue Code Section 401(k).  Participants who have attained age 50 before the end of the Plan year are eligible to make catch-up contributions.  Beginning in September 2022, participants were able to designate all or a portion of their 401(k) elective deferral contributions as pre-tax elective deferral contributions or Roth elective deferral contributions.  No reduction was required for corrective distributions of excess contributions and related earnings for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, in order to meet the necessary compliance requirements under ERISA and IRS rules.  If any refunds were made for 2023 and 2022 they would be presented in the statement of changes in net assets available for benefits for the related year.

Upon enrollment, a participant may direct their contributions to any of the Plan’s fund options.

The Company may make discretionary matching contributions to the Plan, which are contributed in the form of Saga Communications, Inc. Class A Common Stock. The participant may immediately transfer those dollars to other investment options.

For the 2023 and 2022 plan years, the Company made discretionary contributions of $267,689 and $256,401, respectively, which was allocated to participants up to a maximum of 25% of the first 7.5% of qualified earnings contributed by the participant for the related plan year, not to exceed $1,200 for those participants employed at the end of the 2023 and 2022 plan year.

Participant Accounts

Each participant’s account is credited with the participant’s contributions and allocations of the Company’s discretionary contributions and Plan earnings. The benefit to which a participant is entitled is the benefit that can be provided from the participant’s account.

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Saga Communications, Inc.

Employees’ 401(k) Savings and Investment Plan

Notes to Financial Statements (continued)

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Vesting

Participants are immediately vested in their contributions and the employer discretionary match plus actual earnings thereon.

Notes Receivable from Participants

Participants may borrow from their fund accounts a minimum of $1,000 up to a maximum equal to the lesser of $50,000 or 50% of their vested account balance. Loan terms range from 1-5 years or up to 15 years for the purchase of a primary residence. The loans are secured by the balance in the participant’s account, and bear interest at a rate as determined by the Plan Administrator which approximates the prime interest rate in effect on the first business day of the calendar quarter in which the loan originates plus 1%.  The current range of interest rates for outstanding notes receivable from participants is 4.25% - 9.5%.  Principal and interest are paid ratably through payroll deductions and are credited to the participant’s account.  

Distributions

Participants or their beneficiaries may receive distributions of their account balances upon the earlier of reaching age 59-1/2, death or termination of service, as defined in the Plan. Further, the Plan Administrator may permit a participant who experiences a qualified financial hardship, as defined in the Plan, to receive a distribution of a portion of the participant’s account balance. Such distributions are generally made in a lump sum.  

Plan Termination

Although it has not expressed any intent to do so, the Company has the right under the Plan to discontinue its contributions at any time and to terminate the Plan subject to the provision of ERISA.

Administrative Expenses

Certain expenses of maintaining the Plan are paid by the Plan, unless otherwise paid by the Company. Expenses paid by the Company are excluded from these financial statements. Fees related to the administration of participant distributions are charged directly to the participant’s account and are reported as part of benefit payments.  Total administrative expenses for December 31, 2023 and 2022 were $30,989 and $52,746, respectively.  Investment-related expenses are included in net appreciation of fair value of investments. Personnel and facilities of the Company have been used by the Plan for its accounting and other activities at no charge to the Plan.

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The Plan also receives fee concessions from administrative providers which are reported as part of investment income. These funds are allocated to participant accounts and reported as part of the appreciation in their investments. Total fee concessions for December 31, 2023 and 2022 were $47,413 and $13,340, respectively.

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Saga Communications, Inc.

Employees’ 401(k) Savings and Investment Plan

Notes to Financial Statements (continued)

2. Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Accounting

The financial statements have been prepared on the accrual basis of accounting in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”).

Payment of Benefits

Benefits are recorded when paid.

Notes Receivable from Participants

Notes receivable from participants represent participant loans that are recorded at their unpaid principal balance plus any accrued but unpaid interest. Interest income on notes receivable from participants is recorded when it is earned. No allowance for credit losses had been recorded as of December 31, 2023 and 2022. If a participant ceases to make loan repayments and the plan administrator deems the participant loan to be a distribution, then the participant loan balance is reduced and a benefit payment is recorded.

Investment Valuation and Income Recognition

The Plan’s investments are stated at fair value (except for the fully benefit-responsive investment contract, which is reported at contract value). Fair value is based upon the last traded or current bid prices in active markets. Where there are no readily available last traded or current bid prices, fair value estimation procedures are used in determining asset values. These estimation procedures might result in fair values that are different from the values that would exist in a ready market due to the potential subjectivity in the estimates. See Note 3 for a discussion of fair value measurements.

Purchases and sales of securities are recorded on a trade-date basis. Interest income is recorded on the accrual basis. Dividends are recorded on the ex-dividend date.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and accompanying notes and supplemental schedule. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Contributions

Contributions from participants and the associated Company matching contributions are recorded in the year in which the employee contributions are withheld from compensation.

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Saga Communications, Inc.

Employees’ 401(k) Savings and Investment Plan

Notes to Financial Statements (continued)

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Recently Adopted Accounting Standards

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Effective January 1, 2023, the Plan adopted accounting standards update (ASU) 2016-13, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments (FASB ASC 326), which significantly changed how entities measure credit losses for most financial assets.  The most significant change in the standard is a shift from the incurred loss methodology to an expected loss methodology.  Financial assets held by the Plan that are subject to the guidance in FASB ASC 326 were employer contributions receivable.  There was no material impact to the financial statements as a result of the adoption of ASU 2016-13.

3. Fair Value Measurements

Fair value is defined as the price that would be received from selling an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. To increase the comparability of fair value measures, the following hierarchy prioritizes the inputs to valuation methodologies used to measure fair value:

Level 1 –     Observable inputs based on quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

The level in the fair value hierarchy within which the fair value measurement is classified is determined based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measure in its entirety.

Following is a description of the valuation techniques and inputs used for assets measured at fair value as of December 31, 2023, and 2022:

Mutual Funds – The mutual funds are valued at the daily closing price as reported by the fund. Mutual funds held by the Plan are open-end mutual funds that are registered with the SEC. These funds are required to publish their daily net asset value (“NAV”) and to transact at that price. The mutual funds held by the Plan are deemed to be actively traded.

Saga Common Stock– The Saga common stock is the Company’s Class A common stock valued at the closing price reported on the NASDAQ exchange.

The methods described above may produce a fair value calculation that may not be indicative of net realizable value or reflective of future values. Furthermore, while the Company believes the Plan’s valuation methods are appropriate and consistent with other market participants, the use of different methodologies or assumptions to determine the fair market value of certain financial instruments could result in a different fair value measurement result at the reporting date.

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Saga Communications, Inc.

Employees’ 401(k) Savings and Investment Plan

Notes to Financial Statements (continued)

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The following tables set forth by level, within the fair value hierarchy, the Plan’s assets carried at fair value.

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Saga Communications, Inc.

Employees’ 401(k) Savings and Investment Plan

Notes to Financial Statements (continued)

4. Guaranteed Income Fund – Investment Contract with Insurance Company

The Plan contains an investment in the Principal Fixed Income Guaranteed Option (“Fund”), which is supported by a group annuity contract with Principal Life Insurance Company.  While guarantees are supported by the general account of Principal Life, participants do not participate in the investment experience or performance of the general account.  The rate credited to accounts is a composite weighted average of underlying guarantees provided in the contract.  Each underlying guarantee is in effect for its full maturity, which may vary.  

Contract value represents contributions and reinvested income, less any withdrawals plus accrued interest. Under this contract participants may ordinarily direct the withdrawal or transfer of all or a portion of their investment at contract value within reasonable timeframes. The contract is effected directly between the plan sponsor and the issuer. The repayment of principal and interest credited to participants is a financial obligation of the issuer. Given these provisions, the contract is considered to be benefit responsive.

The Fund is an insurance company issued, general account backed, group annuity with no maturity date. Upon a discontinuance of the contract, contract value would be paid no later than 12 months from the date the Plan Sponsor provides notice to discontinue. This contract’s operation is different than many other evergreen group annuity products in the market by virtue of the fact that a fair value adjustment does not apply upon discontinuance. There are not any specific securities in the insurer’s general account that back the liabilities of this annuity contract. The Plan owns a promise to pay interest at crediting rates which are announced in advance and guaranteed for a specific period of time as outlined in the group annuity contract. This product is not a traditional Guaranteed Income Contract (GIC) and therefore there are not any known cash flows that could be discounted.

Generally, there are not any events that could limit the ability of the Plan to transact at contract value within 12 months of request or in rare circumstances, contract value paid over a longer time period. There are not any events that allow the issuer to terminate the contract and which require the Plan sponsor to settle at an amount different than contract value paid either within 12 months or over time.

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Saga Communications, Inc.

Employees’ 401(k) Savings and Investment Plan

Notes to Financial Statements (continued)

The underlying non-standardized pre-approved plan has received an opinion letter from the Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”) dated June 30, 2020, stating that the form of the plan is qualified under Section 401 of the Internal Revenue Code (the “Code”), and therefore, the related trust is tax exempt. In accordance with Revenue Procedure 2014-6 and 2011-49, the Plan Sponsor has determined that it is eligible to and has chosen to rely on the current IRS pre-approved plan opinion letter. Once qualified, the Plan is required to operate in conformity with the Code to maintain its qualified status.

Accounting principles generally accepted in the United States require plan management to evaluate uncertain tax positions taken by the Plan. The financial statement effects of a tax position are recognized when the position is more likely than not, based on the technical merits, to be sustained upon examination by the IRS. The plan administrator has analyzed the tax positions taken by the Plan, and has concluded that as of December 31, 2023, there are no uncertain positions taken or expected to be taken. The Plan has recognized no interest or penalties related to uncertain tax positions. The Plan is subject to routine audits by taxing jurisdictions; however, there are currently no audits for any tax periods in progress. The plan administrator believes it is no longer subject to income tax examinations for years prior to 2020.

The Plan provides investment options in various investment securities. Investment securities are exposed to various risks such as interest rate, market and credit risks. Due to the level of risk associated with certain investment securities, it is at least reasonably possible that changes in the values of investment securities will occur in the near term and that such changes could materially affect participants’ account balances and the amounts reported in the statements of net assets available for benefits.

The Plan provides for an investment option in the Class A common stock of the Company.  These transactions qualify as party-in-interest transactions; however, they are exempt from the prohibited transaction rules under ERISA.

During the years ended December 31, 2023, and 2022 the Plan recorded dividend income of $424,887 and $604,000, respectively, from the Company’s shares. Dividends receivable for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 were $282,875 and $288,907, respectively.

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Saga Communications, Inc.

Employees’ 401(k) Savings and Investment Plan

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Employer ID # 38-3042953Plan #001

Schedule H, line 4i—Schedule of Assets (Held at End of Year)
December 31, 2023

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EXHIBIT TO REPORT ON FORM 11-K

Exhibit No.Description

23.1Consent of UHY LLP

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the administrator of the Plan has duly caused this annual report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned hereunto duly authorized.

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Exhibit 23.1

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Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

We consent to the incorporation by reference in the Registration Statement (Form S-8 No. 333-63321) pertaining to the Saga Communications, Inc. Employees’ 401(k) Savings and Investment Plan of our report dated June 28, 2024 with respect to the financial statements and supplemental schedule of the Saga Communications, Inc. Employees’ 401(k) Savings and Investment Plan included in this Annual Report (Form 11-K) for the year ended December 31, 2023.

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